Appendix

Kiswahili glossary

The 89 key terms from every chapter, in alphabetical order. The last column gives the chapter that explains each one.

English	Kiswahili	Meaning	Chapter
Antivirus	Programu ya kuzuia virusi	Software that finds and removes malware	7
Array	Safu	An ordered list of values	3
Attribute	Sifa	Extra information inside an opening tag, such as `href`	2
Backup	Nakala rudufu	A copy of the database kept somewhere safe	4, 7
Branch	Tawi	A separate line of work	8
Browser	Kivinjari	The program you use to open websites	1
Class	Darasa	A bundle of data and the functions that work on it	6
Clone	Kunakili	Making a full copy of a repository, with its history	8
Code editor	Kihariri msimbo	A program for writing code, such as VS Code	2
Colour	Rangi	Written in CSS as a hex code such as `#1b2435`	2
Column	Safu wima	One kind of information in a table, such as `name`	4
Commit	Kuhifadhi toleo	One saved snapshot of the project, with a message	8
Compiler	Kikusanyaji	A program that checks source code and turns it into a program the computer runs	6
Computer virus	Virusi vya kompyuta	Malware that spreads by attaching itself to files	7
Condition	Sharti	A question that is either true or false	3
Conflict	Mgongano	Two changes to the same lines, which a person must decide between	8
Constraint	Kizuizi	A rule the data must obey, such as `CHECK`	4
Constructor	Kijenzi	The function that sets up a new object	6
CSV file	Faili la CSV	A spreadsheet saved as plain text, with commas between cells	5
Database	Hifadhidata	An organised store of data that checks it and answers questions about it	4
Debugging	Kutatua hitilafu	Finding and fixing mistakes in code	3
Dictionary	Kamusi	Values kept under names, called keys	5
Division	Daraja	The overall Form 4 result, worked out from points	5
Download	Pakua	Copy a file from the internet to your device	1
Element	Kipengele	One part of an HTML page, such as a heading or a table	2
Encapsulation	Ufichaji	Keeping data private and changing it only through checked functions	6
Environment variable	Kigezo cha mazingira	A setting given to a program by the terminal, not written in the code	5
Error	Hitilafu	A problem that stops code from running as intended	3
Event	Tukio	Something that happens on the page, such as a click	3
Exception	Hitilafu	An error raised while a program runs, which can be caught	5, 6
File	Faili	One saved piece of work	1
Folder	Kabrasha (folda)	A container for files and other folders	1
Foreign key	Ufunguo wa nje	A column that holds the key of a row in another table	4
Form	Fomu	The part of a page where visitors type or choose information	2
Function	Kitendakazi	A named set of steps that can be used again	3
Hacker	Mdukuzi	A person who breaks into computers or accounts	7
Hardware	Maunzi	The physical parts of a computer	1
Header file	Faili kichwa	A `.h` file that declares what other files can use	6
Heading	Kichwa	A title for a page or a section	2
Image	Picha	A picture shown on the page	2
Inheritance	Urithi	A class taking on everything another class has, and adding to it	6
Keyboard	Kibodi	The keys you type with	1
Layout	Mpangilio	How the parts of a page are arranged	2
Library	Maktaba	Ready-made code you install and use, such as psycopg	5
Link	Kiungo	Text or an image that opens another page when clicked	2, 7
Linker	Kiunganishi	The last step of compiling, joining all the pieces into one program	6
List	Orodha	Values kept in order	5
Loop	Kitanzi	Code that repeats for each item or until something is true	3, 5
Malware	Programu hasidi	Software written to cause harm	7
Memory (RAM)	Kumbukumbu	Fast, temporary space for the work you are doing now	1
Merge	Kuunganisha	Bringing one branch’s work into another	8
Module	Moduli	A Python file whose functions other files can import	5
Object	Kitu	A group of named values	3, 6
Operating system	Mfumo wa uendeshaji	The software that runs the computer and all other programs	1
Password	Nenosiri	A secret word used to prove who you are	7
Points	Pointi	The value of a grade: A is 1, F is 5	5
Polymorphism	Upolimofu	One call running different code depending on the real object	6
Primary key	Ufunguo mkuu	A column whose value is different for every row	4
Programming language	Lugha ya programu	A language for giving a computer step-by-step instructions	3
Pull	Kuvuta	Bringing others’ commits from the remote	8
Pull request	Ombi la kuunganisha	A request on GitHub to review and merge a branch	8
Push	Kusukuma	Sending your commits to the remote	8
Query	Hoja	A question asked of the database in SQL	4
Relationship	Uhusiano	A connection between two tables through keys	4
Remote	Hazina ya mbali	A copy of the repository on another computer, such as GitHub	8
Repository	Hazina	A project whose history Git keeps	8
Row (record)	Rekodi	One item in a table, such as one student	4
Scam	Utapeli	A trick to steal money or information	7
Server	Seva	A computer that stores websites and answers requests	1
Shortcut	Njia ya mkato	A key combination that does a job without the mouse	1
Software	Programu	Instructions that tell the hardware what to do	1
Source code	Msimbo chanzo	The code you write, before it is compiled	6
Storage	Hifadhi	Where files are kept when the power is off	1
String	Mfuatano wa herufi	Text, written between quotes	3
Stylesheet	Laha ya mitindo	A CSS file that controls how pages look	2
Table	Jedwali	Data arranged in rows and columns	2, 4
Terminal	Kituo cha amri	A window where you type commands to the computer	5
Test	Jaribio	Code that checks other code gives the right answers	5
Transaction	Muamala	Several changes that all happen, or none do	4
Two-step verification	Uthibitisho wa hatua mbili	A second check, such as a code, after your password	7
Type	Aina	The kind of value a variable holds, such as `int` or `std::string`	6
Update	Sasisho	A new version that fixes problems and security holes	7
Upload	Pakia	Copy a file from your device to the internet	1
Value	Thamani	A piece of data, such as a number or some text	3
Variable	Kigezo	A name that holds a value	3
Version control	Udhibiti wa matoleo	Keeping a history of every saved version of your files	8
View	Mwonekano	A saved query that can be used like a table	4
Web page	Ukurasa wa wavuti	One document on a website, written in HTML	2
Website	Tovuti	A collection of web pages under one domain name	1

These Kiswahili terms are a first version and are being checked. If you use a different word in class, let us know.