Scheme of Work

Biology

O-Level · Form I–IV · TIE / NECTA aligned

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Form I — Scheme of Work

Biology · O-Level (Form I–IV) · competence-based (TIE) · adapt weeks to your term calendar

MonthWeekMain CompetenceSpecific CompetencesTopicSub-topicTeaching & Learning ActivitiesMethodsResourcesAssessmentPeriodsReferencesRemarks
January1–2Apply basic knowledge of biology to understand living things and their importance in daily life.
  • Explain the meaning and importance of studying biology.
  • Use laboratory apparatus and observe safety rules.
Introduction to BiologyKey concepts and applicationsIn groups, learners tour the laboratory, identify common apparatus and draw up class safety rules, then present them.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
January3–4Apply first-aid skills to manage common accidents and emergencies safely.
  • Describe the aims and rules of first aid.
  • Give first aid for common injuries such as wounds, burns and fractures.
Safety in our Environment (First Aid)Key concepts and applicationsLearners practise basic first-aid procedures (bandaging, recovery position) using a first-aid kit and role-play.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February5–6Apply knowledge of health and disease to maintain personal and community well-being.
  • Explain the meaning of health and personal hygiene.
  • Describe the causes, prevention and control of common diseases.
HealthKey concepts and applicationsLearners survey common diseases in their community and prepare a health-education poster on prevention.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February7–8Classify living things into major groups using observable features.
  • Explain the need for and the basis of classification.
  • Identify the main kingdoms of living things.
Classification of Living ThingsKey concepts and applicationsLearners collect and sort specimens by observable features and build a simple classification chart.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
March9–10Relate the structure of cells to their functions in living organisms.
  • Describe the structure of plant and animal cells.
  • Explain the levels of organisation from cell to organism.
Cell Structure & OrganisationKey concepts and applicationsLearners observe prepared cells under a microscope (or models), draw them and label the parts.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
March11–12Relate diffusion, osmosis and active transport to processes in living organisms.
  • Define diffusion, osmosis and active transport.
  • Relate these processes to life activities such as gaseous exchange and absorption.
Movement of Materials in & out of the CellKey concepts and applicationsLearners carry out a diffusion demonstration (e.g. potassium permanganate in water) and an osmosis experiment with potato strips.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.

Form II — Scheme of Work

Biology · O-Level (Form I–IV) · competence-based (TIE) · adapt weeks to your term calendar

MonthWeekMain CompetenceSpecific CompetencesTopicSub-topicTeaching & Learning ActivitiesMethodsResourcesAssessmentPeriodsReferencesRemarks
January1–2Classify organisms within the five kingdoms using their characteristic features.
  • Describe the characteristics of the five kingdoms.
  • Identify examples of organisms in each kingdom.
Classification of Living ThingsKey concepts and applicationsLearners build a key to identify specimens and match organisms to their kingdoms.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
January3–4Relate nutrition in plants and animals to the maintenance of life.
  • Explain photosynthesis as nutrition in plants.
  • Describe a balanced diet and the process of digestion in humans.
NutritionKey concepts and applicationsLearners test a leaf for starch to show photosynthesis and plan a balanced daily diet using local foods.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February5–6Relate transport systems to the movement of materials in plants and animals.
  • Describe transport of water and food in plants.
  • Describe the human circulatory system.
Transport of Materials in Living ThingsKey concepts and applicationsLearners place a white flower in coloured water to show transport in plants and trace the path of blood on a diagram.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February7–8Relate gaseous exchange and respiration to the release of energy in organisms.
  • Describe gaseous exchange in plants and animals.
  • Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Gaseous Exchange & RespirationKey concepts and applicationsLearners investigate that exhaled air contains carbon dioxide using lime water and discuss respiration.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.

Form III — Scheme of Work

Biology · O-Level (Form I–IV) · competence-based (TIE) · adapt weeks to your term calendar

MonthWeekMain CompetenceSpecific CompetencesTopicSub-topicTeaching & Learning ActivitiesMethodsResourcesAssessmentPeriodsReferencesRemarks
January1–2Relate excretion and homeostasis to the maintenance of a constant internal environment.
  • Describe excretion in plants and animals.
  • Explain how the body maintains a constant internal environment.
Regulation (Excretion & Homeostasis)Key concepts and applicationsLearners label the human urinary system and discuss how the body controls temperature and water.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
January3–4Relate nervous and hormonal coordination to the body's response to changes.
  • Describe the structure and function of the nervous system.
  • Explain the role of hormones in coordination.
CoordinationKey concepts and applicationsLearners demonstrate a reflex action (e.g. knee jerk) and trace the reflex arc on a diagram.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February5–6Relate the structure of the skeleton and muscles to movement and support.
  • Describe the functions of the human skeleton.
  • Explain how muscles and joints bring about movement.
MovementKey concepts and applicationsLearners examine a model skeleton or charts, identify types of joints and demonstrate how antagonistic muscles work.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February7–8Relate reproduction to the continuity of life in plants and animals.
  • Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.
  • Describe reproduction in flowering plants and in humans.
ReproductionKey concepts and applicationsLearners dissect a flower to identify reproductive parts and discuss pollination and fertilisation.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
March9–10Relate growth and development to changes in living organisms.
  • Explain the meaning of growth and development.
  • Describe the conditions necessary for growth.
GrowthKey concepts and applicationsLearners germinate seeds under different conditions and record growth over a week.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.

Form IV — Scheme of Work

Biology · O-Level (Form I–IV) · competence-based (TIE) · adapt weeks to your term calendar

MonthWeekMain CompetenceSpecific CompetencesTopicSub-topicTeaching & Learning ActivitiesMethodsResourcesAssessmentPeriodsReferencesRemarks
January1–2Apply the principles of genetics to explain inheritance of characteristics.
  • Explain the basic terms used in genetics.
  • Work out simple monohybrid crosses.
GeneticsKey concepts and applicationsLearners use a Punnett square to predict the offspring of a monohybrid cross and discuss inherited traits.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
January3–4Explain evolution as the gradual change of living things over time.
  • Explain the meaning of evolution and natural selection.
  • Describe evidence that supports evolution.
EvolutionKey concepts and applicationsLearners discuss how a given environmental change could favour certain individuals (natural selection) using examples.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February5–6Relate the interactions of organisms with their environment to the balance of nature.
  • Explain the basic concepts and terms of ecology.
  • Describe energy flow and nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.
EcologyKey concepts and applicationsLearners study a local ecosystem (e.g. a pond or garden), draw a food web and identify the trophic levels.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
February7–8Apply knowledge of reproductive health to make responsible decisions.
  • Describe the human reproductive system and its care.
  • Explain the prevention of STIs including HIV/AIDS.
Human Reproductive HealthKey concepts and applicationsLearners discuss responsible behaviour and prepare key messages on preventing sexually transmitted infections.Brainstorming, guided discussion, demonstration, group work, question & answer.Textbooks, charts, real objects, chalkboard, digital content.Oral questions, written exercises, practical tasks, observation and portfolio.4Biology syllabus (TIE); approved Biology textbook.
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